Geography

Part B – Optional subject – Geography

PAPER – I

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

Physical Geography

  • Geomorphology: This field of study focuses on the processes that shape the Earth’s surface, such as erosion, deposition, and tectonics. Geomorphologists study the physical features of the landscape, such as mountains, valleys, and rivers, and how they have changed over time.
  • Climatology: This field of study focuses on the atmosphere and how it affects the Earth’s climate. Climatologists study the distribution of temperature, precipitation, and other weather patterns around the world. They also study how climate change is affecting the Earth’s atmosphere.
  • Oceanography: This field of study focuses on the oceans and their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Oceanographers study the composition of seawater, the currents and tides, and the life that exists in the oceans. They also study how the oceans are affected by human activities, such as pollution and overfishing.
  • Biogeography: This field of study focuses on the distribution of plants and animals on Earth. Biogeographers study the factors that influence the distribution of life, such as climate, soil, and topography. They also study how human activities are affecting the distribution of plants and animals.
  • Environmental Geography: This field of study focuses on the interactions between humans and the environment. Environmental geographers study the impact of human activities on the environment, such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change. They also study how to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.

Human Geography

  • Perspectives in Human Geography: The different ways of looking at human geography, including regional synthesis, environmentalism, and locational analysis.
  • Economic Geography: The study of the distribution of economic activity around the world, including agriculture, industry, and trade.
  • Population and Settlement Geography: The study of the distribution of population and the types of settlements that people create, including rural and urban areas.
  • Regional Planning: The process of developing and implementing plans for the development of regions, including growth centers and growth poles.
  • Models, Theories, and Laws in Human Geography: The different models, theories, and laws that have been used to explain the patterns and processes of human geography, including the Malthusian model, the demographic transition model, and the central place theory.
PAPER – II

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

  • Physical Setting: The physical features of India, including its location, structure, relief, drainage system, climate, vegetation, and soils.
  • Resources: The natural resources of India, including land, water, energy, minerals, forests, and wildlife.
  • Agriculture: The agricultural sector in India, including its history, crops, productivity, and challenges.
  • Industry: The industrial sector in India, including its history, location, and challenges.
  • Transport, Communication, and Trade: The transportation, communication, and trade sectors in India, including their role in the economy.
  • Cultural Setting: The cultural diversity of India, including its history, languages, religions, and tribes.
  • Settlements: The types of settlements in India, including rural and urban areas.
  • Regional Development and Planning: The process of regional development and planning in India.
  • Political Aspects: The political geography of India, including its federal system, state boundaries, and international relations.
  • Contemporary Issues: The major contemporary issues facing India, including environmental degradation, population growth, and globalization.

Note: Students will be required to answer one compulsory map question suitable to subjects covered by this paper.